Biochemistry
Biochemistry is the branch of medical science that focuses on the chemical processes and substances within the human body. It plays a crucial role in diagnosing, monitoring, and managing diseases through laboratory testing of blood, urine, and other body fluids. By analyzing biomolecules like enzymes, hormones, proteins, lipids, and electrolytes, biochemistry provides vital insights into organ function and overall health.
Biochemistry helps doctors detect abnormalities early, track disease progression, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. It is essential for managing chronic illnesses, metabolic disorders, liver and kidney function, diabetes, cardiac diseases, hormonal imbalance, and nutritional deficiencies.
Common Biochemistry Tests
- Liver Function Tests (LFTs): Measures enzymes and proteins to assess liver health.
- Kidney Function Tests (KFTs): Urea, creatinine, and electrolytes for kidney performance.
- Blood Glucose Tests: For diabetes monitoring and management.
- Lipid Profile: Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL for heart disease risk.
- Hormone Assays: Thyroid function (T3, T4, TSH), cortisol, reproductive hormones.
- Enzyme Studies: To detect tissue/organ damage.
- Protein Analysis: Total protein, albumin, globulin for nutritional and immune status.
- Electrolyte Panel: Sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride balance.
- Tumor Markers: Biochemical markers for certain cancers.
